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Getting Started with React Native on Android

Aug 7, 2020 • 13 Minute Read

Introduction React Native is one of the most famous open-source hybrid frameworks to build apps for Android, iOS, and web platforms using JavaScript with a single codebase.

The name “React Native” is composed of two words: React and Native. “React” states the use of the React app development environment, and “Native” represents the use of native Android/iOS/Web UI widgets to develop apps for better performance. React Native interacts with the Native platform at runtime via JavaScript to construct the native view for React Native UI components. React Native also offers ready-to-use inbuilt APIs for UI development such as <ScrollView>, <FlatList>, <ImageView>, etc. to develop apps.

This guide covers the basics of React Native development on Android using the standard npx react-native CLI.

React Native Versus React

React Native is built upon the React framework, but it uses different APIs and technologies to make React apps compatible with the Native mobile platform:

  • Development Tools: React Native needs an Android studio setup for Android and XCode for iOS development. For React Native project development, an IDE like Atom, Notepad++, Sublime, or Visual Studio Code can be used.
  • UI Widget: React Native provides a comprehensive set of APIs (UI components) to build UI for a React Native app, so there is no HTML, only predefined core components APIs to build UI interface.
  • Style: React Native doesn't use CSS or HTML. Instead, it uses StyleSheet API object (like JSON) to define style properties for widgets (views or UI component).
  • UI Structure: To mimic the Native UI, React Native uses the core UI APIs to build the interface so there is no DOM or window object.
  • Platform-specific UI: There are still some APIs that are not supported by React Native core UI components like Map, so React Native offers the support to create a native module to create a wrapper to use platform-specific APIs or third party modules.

Expo CLI

As mentioned earlier, the standard React Native create-react-native-app CLI requires the Native development tools (Android Studio or XCode) and other npm packages, such as Camera and Map, to build specific features. Expo CLI overcomes the limitations of standard React Native CLI with the following features:

  • An expo project can be run directly into the browser without any external dependency (XCode or Android studio).
  • Expo offers easy app sharing via link or QR-code, which is quite useful to release and test updates.
  • Expo offers inbuilt APIs like Camera, SMS, etc.

Expo is an enhanced version of the standard React Native CLI for quick design, development, and publishing, but despite many pros Expo has some limitations:

  • No support for Native modules or external libraries that requires Native code.
  • Expo covers a wide variety of APIs but it still does not support all Native APIs.

Expo is an easy way to get started quickly with React Native development in browsers. Expo also supports unimodules to use Expo SDK in React Native apps.

Prerequisite

React Native follows the similar development structure and tools of React, so this guide assumes that you have the basics knowledge of following technologies and tools.

Technologies

  • Basics of JavaScript
  • HTML, Objects, and EcmaScript 6 (ES6 classes and arrow functions, etc.)

Tools

  • Node.js
  • Command line interface (CLI)

Development Environment Setup

The npx react-native init requires external tools, so follow the below steps to download and install the required tools, as per operating system:

MacOS or Linux

  1. Verify Homebrew installation using brew -v, and if Homebrew is not installed then install Homebrew using
      /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"

Note: Homebrew installation requires the xcode-select command-line tool to work so it's recommended to install Xcode as well or it will ask to confirm the installation of xcode-select tool.

  1. Install node and watchman
      brew install node watchman
  1. Install JDK using break cask to install GUI software installation setups
      brew cask install adoptopenjdk/openjdk/adoptopenjdk8
  1. Download Android Studio and follow the official installation steps (from video), as per operating system.
  2. Add the required android SDK dependencies' paths in environment variables for React Native:
      # can use any editor instead of open
open ~/.bash_profile
  1. Paste the following text at the end of the file
      # after other pre-configured environment variables
export ANDROID_HOME=$HOME/Library/Android/sdk
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/emulator
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools

MacOS Cataline has a default shell as zsh so to fix the warning below, edit/create ~/.zprofile (under /users/username/) file for Cataline.

      chsh -s /bin/zsh
# create the .zprofile under users/your_user_name and copy content from bash_profile, save it
source ~/.zprofile

Helpful Commands

  • printenv prints all environment variables.
  • xcode-select --version allows you to view the version of xcode-select CLI.

Windows

  1. Download Chocolatey package manager and run the below command in command-prompt (run as Administrator):
      choco install -y nodejs.install python2 openjdk8
  1. Download Android Studio and follow the official installation steps (with video), as per operating system.
  2. Add the default android SDK path in environment variables, and make sure to replace UserName with your username:
      setx ANDROID_HOME "C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\Android\SDK"

and add platform-tools to PATH variable. Make sure to replace UserName with your user name:

      setx /M PATH "%PATH%;C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\Android\SDK\platform-tools"

Create and Run a React Native Project

The steps to run the project is the same on all operating systems:

  1. Create a React Native project:
      npx react-native init RNClickCounter
  1. Follow the steps to create an android virtual device (AVD)
  2. Run the projects:
      cd RNClickCounter
npx react-native run-android --verbose

The above command process may ask to install CocoaPods, which is a dependency manager for iOS projects and required to run iOS apps.

In the above command, --verbose is optional but useful to view any potential issues, like below.

Known Gradle Issues

  • InvokerHelper Error: Gradle version 6.1.1 can cause this issue, so make sure to update distributionUrl attribute in RNClickCounter\android\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.properties file:
      # To fix the "Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper" error, use latest gradle
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.5.1-all.zip

and update classpath in RNClickCounter\android\build.gradle:

      classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.0.0")
Android SDK tools

Project Structure

The project structure of a React Native project is similar to React. The underlying Android and iOS project is pre-configured to use React components to build platform-specific apps.

React Native project structure

Let's go through the key elements of a React Native project:

  • Index.js is an entry point for a React app to register the app and to load required modules for the JS executions environment.
  • App.js is the first/main screen of the app.
  • android folder contains all the Native Android development, and build files, which is almost similar to the Native Android project structure.
  • ios folder contains all the Native iOS development and build files, which is almost similar to the Native iOS project structure.
  • package.json contains the details about the app (name, version), dependencies, and executable script details.
  • app.json contains the app name details.

Implement Click Counter

React Native uses some common mobile components like Button, View, Text, etc., along with React Native-specific components like SafeAreaView and StyleSheet. Let's go though some basic components to build the click counter app:

  • SafeAreaView adds the required padding for camera-notches/sensor-housing and reflects the area that is not covered by any of the top views like toolbar, navigation, etc.
  • Text displays text on the screen. It is similar to UILabel, TextView, or <p> tag.
  • View is a basic UI container element with flexbox layout support. The Native equivalents of view are UIView, View, or div tag.
  • Button represents the Native platform-specific button with platform-specific style.
  • StyleSheet is used to define the style attributes for elements that will be mapped to Native-style values.
  • useState is a React hook that is used to maintain a state (stored values) in a functional component. This is used in the App.js functional component to keep the track of the counter variable’s state. The counter variable should be modified by the callback method setCount, and returned by useState.
  • export default App is used to allow other components to import the App component. There can be only one default export in a file.
  • flex: 1 is used to define the CSS3 flexbox style responsive layout vertically.
  • React$Node represents a type of React node (from flow type check) whose value can be a ReactChild, ReactFragment, ReactPortal, boolean, null, number, or string.

Steps to Implement Click Counter

Follow the below steps to implement click counter in the App.js component:

  1. Implement react-hook to store the updated value of count. The setCount method will be used to update the value of count:
      const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  1. Implement callback functions to increment/decrement the value of count:
      const counterPlus = () => {
    setCount(count + 1 <= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER ? count + 1 : count)
  }

  const counterMinus = () => {
    setCount(count - 1 >= Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER ? count - 1 : count)
  }
  1. Create the style object to center the views inside container elements, and design details for other views such as Button and Text:
      const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    justifyContent: 'center',
    alignItems: 'center',
    backgroundColor: '#e6e6fa',
  },
  textConter: {
    fontSize: 28,
    color: '#000',
  },
  buttonStyle: {
    width: "80%",
    margin: 10,
  }
});
  1. Now apply the style to the elements and add the listener on the button to complete the implementation:
      import React, { useState } from "react";
import { SafeAreaView, StyleSheet, Text, StatusBar, Button, View} from 'react-native';

const App: () => React$Node = () => {

  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  const counterPlus = () => {
    setCount(count + 1 <= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER ? count + 1 : count)
  }

  const counterMinus = () => {
    setCount(count - 1 >= Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER ? count - 1 : count)
  }

  return (
    <>
      <StatusBar barStyle="dark-content" />
      <SafeAreaView style={styles.container}>
        <Text style={styles.textConter} >{count}</Text>
        <View style={styles.buttonStyle}>
          <Button
            onPress={counterPlus}
            title='+' />
        </View>
        <View style={styles.buttonStyle}>
          <Button
            onPress={counterMinus}
            title='-' />
        </View>
      </SafeAreaView>
    </>
  );
};

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    justifyContent: 'center',
    alignItems: 'center',
    backgroundColor: '#e6e6fa',
  },
  textConter: {
    fontSize: 28,
    color: '#000',
  },
  buttonStyle: {
    width: "80%",
    margin: 10,
  }
});

export default App;

Conclusion

React Native is a great way to build hybrid apps. You can either use Expo or npx react-native CLI to get started with React Native development. The optimized codebase is available at RnClickCounter repository. Hopefully, this guide explained the necessary details to get started with React Native on Android. Happy Coding!